These groups were usually based on existing societal structures like villages, towns, parishes, and guilds. : 38 These lawsuits involved groups of people either suing or being sued in actions at common law. The antecedent of the class action was what modern observers call "group litigation," which appears to have been quite common in medieval England from about 1200 onward. Instead of each damaged person bringing one's own lawsuit, the class action allows all the claims of all class members-whether they know they have been damaged or not-to be resolved in a single proceeding through the efforts of the representative plaintiff(s) and appointed class counsel. Although standards differ between states and countries, class actions are most common where the allegations usually involve at least 40 people who the same defendant has injured in the same way. ![]() This differs from a traditional lawsuit, where one party sues another party, and all of the parties are present in court. In a typical class action, a plaintiff sues a defendant or a number of defendants on behalf of a group, or class, of absent parties. Delict (term used for torts in some civil and mixed legal systems).Negligent infliction of emotional distress. ![]() ![]()
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